To provide Internet connectivity to homes, ISPs often provide a gateway device to their customers. By connecting a router to the gateway, users create their own local network. A gateway used to be a layer-2 device that extends WAN into an individual's home, but it now provides routing functionality built into the gateway so the term is loosely used.

A DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) is a network (or a node) used to connect internal resources to the untrusted outside world, usually the Internet. By creating a separate "danger" zone, internal resources are within the private network are not directly accessible from the outside world. In traditional corporate networks, the servers providing services to the outside world such as the webserver, email server, and DNS server are isolated inside the DMZ network so that the internal network is protected even if DMZ is compromised. With the explosive growth in cloud networks, the majority of public servers are relocated to cloud servers and there is less demand for DMZ than before. However, there are still some gateway servers providing access to the internal resources that are confined within the DMZ network.

A local area network (LAN) is a group of smart devices connected together to create a network within the same location. A home is a good example of LAN consisting of a few computers, tablets, smartphones and IoTs devices over the physical wires and through the Wi-Fi. A LAN can be as small as connecting 2 devices or as large as enerprise network interconnecting thousands of computers, servers and smart devices. A few other examples of LAN include offices, buildings, schools, and corporations.

Both TCP and UDP are protocols used to send data from one device to anoter within the TCP/IP network. When sending data, they are broken into smaller IP packets and sent over the TCP or UDP transport layer. Applications may choose to use either TCP or UDP to send data to the other end depending on whether the reliability or speed is more important. For reliable delivery, TCP is used while UDP is used for faster delivery. TCP/IP is comprised of 4 layers with each providing a specific protocol functions as shown below:

An Autonomous System (AS) is a large network that has a common routing policy used to serve a set of IP prefixes. An AS is assigned to a single organization and is connected to multiple ASes to route IP packets in a redundant manner. An AS is assigned a 16-bit or 32-bit number (ASN) by the IANA to Internet Service Providers (ISPs), governments, universities, and enterprises.

A port is a number assigned to an application to communicate between the server and client. In the TCP/IP network, applications use one or more ports to communicate with a client. A port number is a 16-bit unsigned number ranging from 0 to 65,535. The first 1K ports (0 through 1023) are usually called well-known ports that are assigned to system applications, the next range from 1024 through 49,151 are allocated for user registered ports, and the final range 19,152 through 65,535 are used for private or ephemeral purposes. The transport protocol that uses ports are (1) TCP and (2) UDP.

Imagining a day without having the Internet. It will be a nightmare for most of us. While the world is constantly on the move, ahead on technology it's even more frustrating when your internet connection lags. A slow internet connection makes you feel like your entire world has suddenly shifted to be slow motion.

In this fast-moving age of the internet, it isn't uncommon that many of us share our Wi-Fi credentials with friends and guests. At first glance, it doesn't seem to be a big deal to share your Wi-Fi credentials but when your guests join your home network they can see all of your smart devices and computers. Without properly securing your smart devices and PCs, your smart devices may be accessible to your guests.

Technology has come a long way and is constantly evolving every day and it's no exception with geolocation. Thanks to this, geolocation has found a very strong and everyday use in today's world. RFID (radio frequency identification) tags have come about as a result of this and function as neat little devices which can be tagged to other items that have no means of connecting to the Internet. Through this, one can then geolocate these tags and their tagged objects.

The Cloud is a general term referred to as the Internet in a broad way. It generally refers to accessing computer, storage and applications over the Internet. It should be noted that these services involve the use of some extremely powerful machines, mega scale storage devices in remote locations that the user would not be able to access physically.